Sunday, December 29, 2019

Essay The History of Gambling in Ancient Civilizations

The History of Ancient Gambling Gambling was present in almost every major, ancient civilization. From the Mesolithic rolling of hucklebones, to the Mesopotamian invention of the six-sided die, and finally to the Chinese invention of the card, not only did gambling survive through countless civilizations of ancient history, it evolved into a global phenomenon. Stakes on these games could range from Quadrans, the Roman equivalent of pennies, to betting an entire estate on a simple throw of the die. Interestingly, as in modern times, ancient peoples and civilizations had varying opinions of gambling. Some ignored it, some outlawed it, and some accepted it. Despite the numerous stances on gambling, one thing held true for all†¦show more content†¦But after the hunt, the hunters might cast bones to determine who went home with the most desirable cuts,† (Schwartz, 7). Divination was only the beginning. The first civilization in the world, Mesopotamia, was also the first civilization to gamble. Me sopotamian fortune-tellers filed down their hucklebones, originally used for divination, and marked them with insignia, taking the first steps toward a modern die (Schwartz, 8). Eventually, the Mesopotamians developed three styles of dice: a four-sided pyramidal die, a refined version of the four-sided astragali, and our modern day six-sided die (Schwartz, 8). The earliest six-sided die recovered dates back to about 3000 BCE (Schwartz, 8). The Arabic number system was not created until 700 BCE. Therefore, dice are about two-thousand years older than numbers. Mesopotamians played a number of board games, one which might have been an ancestor of parcheesi, along with one that greatly resembled backgammon, and another called senet (Schwartz, 9, Wallenfels, 232). Five gaming boards dating from 3000 BCE have been found in the royal tombs at Ur (Rofe, 92). Oddly, despite countless artifacts and archaeological evidence, the Mesopotamians did not mention gambling in any of their surv iving literature (Schwartz, 9). Gambling has been a part of Egyptian civilization for as long as Egyptians have been aShow MoreRelatedMathematical Connection Project1749 Words   |  7 Pagesactivities? Some people think mathematics is a divine field, some adore Mathematics, while others are scared of it; some study mathematics, while some worship it. For example, Aryabatta, an ancient Indian mathematician worshipped mathematics and lived for it out of devotion and not because of any material benefits. Ancient men felt their concern with mathematics, motivated by their social needs; they had done their best on the computational front of their life. It has been found that Babylonians possessedRead MoreHistory and Importance of Sports amongs Ancient Civilizations1138 Words   |  5 Pages History and importance of sports amongst ancient civilizations Sports have been around for centuries, dating back to 776 BC with the first Olympic Games. Ancient civilizations like the Egyptian, Greeks and Mayans all had a sport they enjoyed taking part in. They were created to bring people together and help them settle disputes or conflicts in an organized manner. Great leaders of the ancient world saw a fascination in sports and made it part of their reign to promote the human’s natural competitivenessRead MoreAncient Rome By Jerry Toner Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pages Have you ever thought about how everyday lives of ancient romans were? Popular culture in ancient Rome by Jerry Toner gives you an insight of the everyday lives of non-elite romans and problems they would often face. Since the main population consisted of the bourgeois citizens, Toner concentrates his focus on their perspective of life. Toner gives you a vivid representation of the lives of ancient romans by providing a thorough explanation of the middle class lives. Toner touches on a variety ofRead MoreThe Legacy of the Ancient Roman Civilization Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesThe Legacy of the Ancient Roman Civilization There have been many amazing and influential empires in Western civilization. Of these historical empires, the legacy of the Ancient Roman Civilization seems to be the most prevalent. Rome, by no means, was an empire that grew overnight. #Roman civilization was twelve hundred years of developing, flourishing and ultimately disintegrating. This was a period of time of innovation, creation, and Roman domination. The civilization owes much of itsRead MoreGeneral Aspects Of Sports Throughout Ancient Games Of Ancient Greece, Boxing, Wrestling And Pankration Essay2270 Words   |  10 PagesGeneral aspects of sports in ancient In Panhellenic games of ancient Greece, boxing, wrestling and pankration were the three major forms of combat sports. In Greece most slaves participated in these events. In many combat sports, a contestant wins by scoring more points than the opponent or by disabling the opponent. Athletes competed against others in a contest with established regulations and procedures, with the objective of beating the other competitors. From Peter Chapter 2 verse 17 it mentionsRead MoreMain Functions of the Games in Ancient Rome Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesMain Functions of the Games in Ancient Rome The 2 main kinds of games that took place in ancient Rome were those of ludi scaenici (theatre and plays) and those of ludi circenses (sports). 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It was a common practice amongst the ancient civilizations to charge a crude amount of excessive cost in their everyday borrowings. According to Andrew Beattie, in his work on â€Å"the history of money; from barter to cash notes to now bitcoins†, ancient civilizations predating to around 500BC and pre-Biblical times religion and cultures have from time to time defined the concept of the Interest, omnibus to both the interest and usury. The history of Riba/Interest is rich particularly in theRead MoreBenefits And Costs Of Gambling Industry2322 Words   |  10 PagesTHE BENEFITS AND COSTS OF GAMBLING INDUSTRY INTRODUCTION Although the development of human civilization is accelerating, the gambling is one of the of the oldest entertainment industries all over the world which does not change dating back to the ancient times. Taking the United States gambling history as an example, â€Å"In America, colonial legislatures authorized 157 lotteries from the 1740s through 1776 to assist governments and other institutions. The first legal casinos of the modern era openedRead MoreIslam : The Islamic Civilizations1128 Words   |  5 PagesThere are a lot of very interesting comparative and contrasts you can deduct from ancient Hebrews V.s. the Islamic civilizations. In both cultures we see a submission to some form of God. Both cultures were at one point polytheistic. They both have very unique history to them. I find Islamic culture to be very different in many ways however from Hebrews. Islamic culture we see a book called the Quran, this book are all words from Mohammad copied by his disciples. He gave birth to a mono theistic

Saturday, December 21, 2019

The Strength Of The Solid Ball - 2104 Words

The solid ball was typically used against forts and other artillery pieces. The grape shot and canister shot were utilized as anti-personnel munitions. The Garrison Cannon used three different types of shells; hot shot, chain shot and bar shot. Hot shots were cannonballs that were heated until they were glowing red and then fired at ships to set them ablaze. Chain shot and bar shot consisted of two cannon balls connected by either a chain or bar. They were designed to destroy ships rigging. The mortar used only one type of shell, the bomb. The bomb was a hollow shell that was filled with black powder and had a fuse. The howitzer utilized hollow shot and anti-personnel munitions. In 1780, the French sent 5,500 soldiers to Rhode Island†¦show more content†¦Lafayette was the Commander of an American force consisting of nearly 3,200 Soldiers. Lafayette also reported all movements of the British Army to General Washington. By August 1781, the British Army had established itself in Yorktown, Virginia to begin construction of the port. Shortly after, Francois Joseph Paul de Grasse who was the Commander of the French West Indie Fleet would be given the option of attacking New York City, or attacking Yorktown. He chooses to attack Yorktown. Upon hearing this, Washington realized the time for decisive action was upon him. He moved his Continental Army, which was already reinforced by over 5,000 French Soldiers, to Yorktown. The stage was set for decisive military action. In September 1781, Washington was in Yorktown with his Continental Army numbering over 8,000 Soldiers, the French Army had roughly 8,500 Soldiers, the French Navy had arrived with 29 warships, and â€Å"Cornwallis’s Army took up positions in and near Yorktown. They had dug trenches and built fortifications and gun platforms† (Fradin, 25). Cornwallis had with him over 7,500 British and German troops. Could America and France defeat the British and win independence? Could the French Navy defeat the inevitable arrival of the British Navy? Possibly will a combined, multi-national, land and sea military operation is successfully conducted? On September 5, 1781, the World received the first answer, yes. On

Friday, December 13, 2019

Understanding and Applying Adult Development Theory Free Essays

Understanding and Applying Adult Development Theory 1 Understanding and Applying Adult Development Theory John Smith Nyack College Life is so busy these days that sometimes we don’t stop to think how we got to this point or realize some of those key factors that played a role. I think it is fair to say that most people take a lot of things for granted but when you pause and analyze life’s events it can be an eye opener and really get you thinking about how certain career decisions have created a pathway for your career and at life-space. Gets a little scary when you think back on how one or two decisions could have really swayed your career. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding and Applying Adult Development Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now I think we can all think back to an event in our adult development that either went our way or one that didn’t that. I think back to my first few years as a working adult and how some of those early influences really set me on a path forward I spent a good amount of time reviewing Donald Super’s theory of career development and the life-span/life-space theory. I am naturally a skeptic, especially when it comes to most of these types of theory’s I read about but I feel that Super was Understanding and Applying Adult Development Theory 2 right on and it is hard to find areas of disagreement. I especially agree with the point that career decisions are not isolated from other aspects of our lives. When you talk about career development it starts off as a very broad subject and people take all kind of different paths to develop their careers. In my case I started working at UPS right out of high school and it was just a â€Å"job† at first and that is all I expected. The word â€Å"career† never entered my thinking, alls I knew is that I had graduated high school and my Mother old me that I had to get a job so off to UPS I went. That decision was the first major influence in my adult life, what I didn’t realize back then was that going to UPS instead of, let’s say getting a job at a small business was a huge factor in my career development. UPS is obviously a very big company and they tend to hold onto the one’s they want to develop which was very important to me. If I decided to work for a small family owned business as my first job things could have been very different. I am always very thankful for that decision I made and the people at UPS who took me under their wing and helped develop my career at UPS. A major factor in one’s career development is to put themselves in a position to grow and or be surrounded by good people or good companies that will help you grow. Easier said then done, when you are young sometimes you don’t realize or are not looking into the future but for me that a critical decision which started my career. My first couple of years with UPS I was still just a kid, but by the time I turned 20 Understanding and Applying Adult Development Theory 3 I was what they called a part-time supervisor which was another critical decision/influences in my career. I can remember back to that day when I almost turned down the job because I had long hair and didn’t want to cut it off. UPS had a, no hair past you collar rule for men and I really almost turned down the position because of this. Once got past the long hair issue things really started taking off the next few years as I moved around in different management roles to build my skill set. The most influential director I ever worked for was a lady by the name of Mary Finnigan, I still remember her name, she use to hound me all the time about school and when am going to enroll in college. That is what I mean by good people around you, good companies have good people and they will give you that extra push when you need one. Not sure I ever would have gone to college if she wasn’t all over me about it all the time. Again, she was looking at the big picture regarding developing my career and I was still just looking at it as a job. All of this was happening during Super’s Exploration stage of career development. I was trying to understand what I wanted to do as far as a career. I was part of the union for year which I did not like very much, I was part of management for about four years during this period and really enjoyed the challenges of the job but still had a hard time with the style of management and people telling me what to do all the time, looking over my shoulder all the time, and just the overall â€Å"The beatens will Understanding and Applying Adult Development Theory 4 continue until morale improves† management style. UPS use to have something called MBO’s which was â€Å"management by objectives† but the joke was that it was really MBI, â€Å"management by intimidation†. As I moved toward the end of my exploration stage I realized I had to make a career decision/change. Although I very much enjoyed the high pressure atmosphere and the thrill of success I knew that I didn’t respond well to that sort of management style as it was very draining for me and started having a negative effect. As I moved into the establishment phase of Super’s theory I made a bold move and agreed to start college as per Mary’s request. Once I finished my second semester UPS granted my approval to move from the operations to sales which was huge for me and where I excelled. For the first time I started thinking of UPS Sales as a career and not just a job. I also got married, bought a house, and had a child in the first few years of this stage. As my career in sales got going it create a lot of stability in my live, somehow in operations you never had the feeling of security do to the management style but now I did. Career and personal lives are very much integrated together, the feeling of a career and not just a job somehow settles you down and you start looking at live in a different perspective. Although I owe a lot to UPS and people like Mary I made the decision to leave UPS and to join FedEx. That was the hardest but most important career decision I have ever made. With UPS I had 10 years in, I was doing well, had security, things were going well. I Understanding and Applying Adult Development Theory 5 I also had a lot of responsibilities including a mortgage and family. Making career changes not only affected me but all affected my family and it was scary leaving something you knew was there for something unknown. But it all worked out very well, FedEx is a much younger company, a sales driven company, which fits my style better. I have not entered the maintenance stage yet and won’t for another 5 years but if I had to disagree with any of Super’s five stages this would be one that I would disagree with somewhat. If your goal is to just holding onto an achieved job I think you are going to fail in today’s world. The world is very different today and if you are past 45 in corporate America sitting still and just holding onto a job that means you are going backwards. Maybe when you hit 60 I could understand that thinking but not in your mid-40’s or 50’s. Corporations are very aggressive these days and wouldn’t allow someone to just to hold onto an achieved job. Maybe this is where a smaller company would think or act differently then a large corporation who has to answer to shareholders each quarter. There are many different roads people travel, for the last twenty years mine has been in corporate America working for Fortune 500 companies, I expect that I would continue down this road hopefully with FedEx. For me personally, I would belief that I will not settle into a holding pattern once I enter my mid-forties. I still feel very young in my career and am still learning new things everyday and I think that will continue for some time to come. With my position there are always larger corporations to sell to or manage Understanding and Applying Adult Development Theory 6 and as I continue to move my career forward I will work with larger and more complex corporations which will keep me moving forward and not settling. Understanding and Applying Adult Development Theory 7 References Bjorklund, B. , Bee, H. (2008). The Journey of Adulthood, Sixth Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall How to cite Understanding and Applying Adult Development Theory, Papers